Valve yoponyaimaponyedwa mu valavu, kalasi yothamanga kwambiri ya valve ndi yochepa (monga PN16, PN25, PN40, koma palinso kuthamanga kwambiri, kungakhale kwa 1500LD, 2500LB), zambiri zamtundu ndizoposa DN50.Kupanga ma valveamapangidwa.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi apamwamba.Caliber ndi yaying'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa DN50.
A, kuponya
1. Kuponya: ndi njira yosungunula zitsulo mumadzimadzi zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zina ndikuzitsanulira mu nkhungu yoponyera.Pambuyo kuzirala ndi kulimbitsa, kuponyera (mbali kapena chopanda kanthu) kumapezedwa ndi mawonekedwe okonzedweratu, kukula ndi ntchito.Ukadaulo woyambira wamakampani amakono opanga makina.
2, kupanga mtengo wopanda kanthu ndi wotsika, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ovuta, makamaka ndi zigawo zovuta zamkati, zambiri zimatha kuwonetsa chuma chake;Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi lonse kusinthasintha ndi wabwino mabuku mawotchi katundu.
3, koma zipangizo zofunika kuponya kupanga (monga zitsulo, nkhuni, mafuta, akamaumba zinthu, etc.) ndi zipangizo (monga ng'anjo zitsulo, mchenga kusakaniza makina, akamaumba makina, pachimake kupanga makina, shaker, kuwombera kuphulika makina, mbale yachitsulo, ndi zina zotero) ndi zambiri, ndipo zidzatulutsa fumbi, mpweya woipa ndi phokoso ndikuwononga chilengedwe.
4. Kuponyera ndi mtundu wa teknoloji yotentha yachitsulo yomwe ili ndi mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi 6000.Mu 3200 BC, achule amkuwa adawonekera ku Mesopotamiya.Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 13 BC ndi 10 BC, dziko la China lalowa m'nthawi yamasewera amkuwa, ntchitoyi yafika pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri, monga Shang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding yolemera 875 kg, Warring States Dynasty Jinghou Yi Zunpan ndi Western Han Dynasty. magalasi owonekera ndi zinthu zoyimira zakale.Kujambula koyambirira kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mbiya, ndipo zambiri mwazopangazo zinali zida kapena ziwiya zopangira ulimi, chipembedzo, moyo ndi zinthu zina, zokhala ndi utoto wamphamvu waluso.Mu 513 BC, China inapanga chitsulo choyamba m'mabuku olembedwa padziko lonse lapansi - Jin Casting Ding (pafupifupi 270 kg).Cha m'zaka za m'ma 8th, ku Ulaya kunayamba kupanga chitsulo chosungunuka.Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mafakitale m'zaka za zana la 18, ochita masewerawa adalowa nthawi yatsopano yotumikira mafakitale akuluakulu.M'zaka za m'ma 20, chitukuko mofulumira kuponyera, wapanga ductile chitsulo, malleable kuponyedwa chitsulo, kopitilira muyeso-otsika mpweya zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi zitsulo zotayidwa, zotayidwa pakachitsulo, zotayidwa magnesium aloyi, titaniyamu m'munsi, faifi tambala m'munsi aloyi ndi zinthu zina kuponyera zitsulo, ndipo adapanga njira yatsopano yopangira chitsulo chotuwira kuti achite chithandizocho.Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1950, matekinoloje atsopano monga kuumba mchenga wonyowa kwambiri, kuumba mchenga wowumitsa mankhwala, kupanga pakati, kuponyera koyipa, ndi zina zapadera zoponya ndi kuwombera zidayambitsidwa.
5. Pali mitundu yambiri yojambula.Malinga ndi chitsanzo njira, izo mwachizolowezi anawagawa 0 wamba mchenga kuponyera, kuphatikizapo chonyowa mchenga mtundu, youma mchenga mtundu ndi mankhwala kuumitsa mchenga mtundu 3. (2) kuponyera wapadera, atolankhani akamaumba zipangizo ndipo akhoza kugawidwa mu zachilengedwe mchere mchenga monga zida zazikulu zapadera zomangira (mwachitsanzo, kuponyera ndalama, kuponyera nkhungu, kuponya chipolopolo, kuponyera koyipa, kuponyera nkhungu, kuponyera nkhungu za ceramic, etc.) kuponyera kuthamanga, kuponyera mosalekeza, kuponyera otsika, kuponyera kwapakati, ndi zina).
6, kuponyera ndondomeko zambiri zikuphatikizapo: (kuponya (zotengera) amapanga madzi zitsulo olimba kuponyera, kuponyera malinga ndi zipangizo akhoza kugawidwa mu nkhungu mchenga, zitsulo, ceramic, matope, graphite, etc., akhoza kugawidwa ndi ntchito disposable, theka okhazikika ndi okhazikika mtundu, nkhungu kukonzekera khalidwe ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuponya khalidwe; The kusungunuka ndi kuthira zitsulo, kuponyera zitsulo (kuponyera aloyi) makamaka zikuphatikizapo chitsulo, kuponyedwa zitsulo ndi kuponyedwa sanali ferrous aloyi; (3) kuponyera mankhwala ndi kuyendera, kuponyera mankhwala, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa pakati ndi kuponyera matupi akunja, kuchotsa chokwera, fosholo kugaya burr ndi zina zotuluka, chithandizo cha kutentha, mawonekedwe, chithandizo cha antirust ndi makina ovuta.
Kupanga kwachiwiri
1, forging: ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina forging pa zitsulo billet kuthamanga, mapindikidwe pulasitiki kupeza zinthu makina, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa forgings processing njira.
2, chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri za kupanga.Kudzera forging angathe kuthetsa zitsulo monga kutayira lotayirira, kuwotcherera mabowo, mawotchi zimatha forgings zambiri kuposa zinthu castings yemweyo.Kwa magawo ofunikira omwe ali ndi katundu wambiri komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito pamakina, ma forgings amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuwonjezera pa mbale, mbiri kapena zigawo zowotcherera ndi mawonekedwe osavuta omwe amatha kugubuduzika.
3, kupanga molingana ndi njira yopangirayo kutha kugawidwa mu: 0 kutsegulira kotseguka (kumanga kwaulere).Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kukakamiza kupanga chitsulo pakati pa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwazitsulo ziwiri zotsutsana ndi chitsulo (anvil block) kuti mupeze zopangira zofunikira, makamaka zopangira zolemba ndi makina.② Njira yotsekera yotseka.Chitsulo chopanda kanthu chimakhala chopunduka pansi pa kukanikiza m'chipinda chakufa cha mawonekedwe enaake, ndipo chitsulocho chimatha kugawidwa kukhala forging, forging ozizira, rotary forging, extrusion ndi zina zotero.Malinga ndi mapindikidwe kutentha forging akhoza kugawidwa mu otentha forging (kutentha processing ndi apamwamba kuposa recrystallization kutentha kwa chitsulo chopanda kanthu), ofunda forging (otsika kuposa recrystallization kutentha) ndi kuzizira ozizira (kutentha wamba).
4, zida zopangira zida zimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo za chitsulo cha carbon ndi alloy steel, ndikutsatiridwa ndi aluminium, magnesium, titaniyamu, mkuwa ndi aloyi yake.Chikhalidwe choyambirira cha zinthucho chimaphatikizapo ndodo, unyolo woponyera, ufa wachitsulo ndi zitsulo zamadzimadzi.Chiŵerengero cha gawo lachigawo chachitsulo chisanayambe kusinthika kwa gawo lakufa pambuyo pa kusinthika kumatchedwa chiŵerengero cha forging.Kusankha kolondola kwa kupanga kuposa kukulitsa mtundu wazinthu, kuchepetsa mtengo kumakhala ndi ubale wabwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-01-2021