Valavu yoponyeraAkaponyedwa mu valavu, kalasi ya kuthamanga kwa valavu yoponyera ndi yotsika (monga PN16, PN25, PN40, koma palinso kuthamanga kwambiri, kumatha kufika 1500LD, 2500LB), kuchuluka kwa caliber ndi kopitilira DN50.Ma valve opangiraamapangidwa ndi zingwe. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi apamwamba. Caliber yake ndi yaying'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa DN50.
A, kuponya
1. Kuponya: ndi njira yosungunula chitsulo kukhala madzi omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zina ndikuchitsanulira mu chikombole chopopera. Pambuyo poziziritsa ndi kuuma, kuponya (zigawo kapena zopanda kanthu) kumapezeka ndi mawonekedwe, kukula ndi magwiridwe antchito okonzedweratu. Ukadaulo woyambira wa makampani opanga makina amakono.
2, kupanga zinthu zopanda kanthu ndikotsika, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ovuta, makamaka ndi ziwalo zovuta, zambiri zimatha kuwonetsa chuma chake; Nthawi yomweyo, imakhala yosinthasintha kwambiri komanso ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino a makina.
3, koma zipangizo zofunika popanga zinthu zoponyera (monga chitsulo, matabwa, mafuta, zipangizo zopangira utomoni, ndi zina zotero) ndi zipangizo (monga ng'anjo yachitsulo, makina osakanizira mchenga, makina opangira utomoni, makina opangira ma core, shaker, makina ophulitsira mfuti, mbale yachitsulo yoponyedwa, ndi zina zotero) ndizochulukirapo, ndipo zipanga fumbi, mpweya woipa ndi phokoso ndikuipitsa chilengedwe.
4. Kuponya ndi mtundu wa ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka pafupifupi 6000. Mu 3200 BC, kuponya achule a mkuwa kunaonekera ku Mesopotamia. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 13 BC ndi 10 BC, China yalowa mu nthawi yopangira zinthu zamkuwa, njira imeneyi yafika pamlingo wapamwamba, monga Shang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding yolemera makilogalamu 875, Warring States Dynasty Jinghou Yi Zunpan ndi Western Han Dynasty lightening glass ndi zinthu zoyimira kuponya zakale. Kuponya koyambirira kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mbiya, ndipo zinthu zambiri zoponyera zinali zida kapena ziwiya zopangira ulimi, chipembedzo, moyo ndi zina, zokhala ndi utoto wolimba. Mu 513 BC, China inapanga chitsulo choyamba choponyedwa m'mabuku olembedwa padziko lonse lapansi - Jin Casting Ding (pafupifupi makilogalamu 270). Pafupifupi zaka za m'ma 800, Europe inayamba kupanga chitsulo choponyedwa. Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mafakitale m'zaka za m'ma 1800, kuponya kunalowa munthawi yatsopano yotumikira mafakitale akuluakulu. M'zaka za m'ma 1900, chitukuko chachangu cha kuponyera, chapanga chitsulo chosungunuka, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ultra-low carbon ndi mkuwa wa aluminiyamu, silicon ya aluminiyamu, magnesium alloy ya aluminiyamu, maziko a titaniyamu, nickel base alloy ndi zipangizo zina zachitsulo zoponyera, ndipo chapanga njira yatsopano yopangira chitsulo choyera kuti chigwire ntchito yokonza. Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1950, ukadaulo watsopano monga kupanga mchenga wonyowa, kupanga mchenga wolimba, kupanga pakati, kupanga mpweya woipa, ndi zina zapadera zoponyera ndi kuwombera mfuti zinayambitsidwa.
5. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kuponyera. Malinga ndi njira yopangira chitsanzo, nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu 0 ochiritsira mchenga wamba, kuphatikiza mtundu wa mchenga wonyowa, mtundu wa mchenga wouma ndi mtundu wa mchenga wolimba wa mankhwala 3. (2) kuponyera kwapadera, zipangizo zopangira makina osindikizira ndipo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu achilengedwe a mchere ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira makina opangira (monga kuponyera ndalama, kuponyera nkhungu, kuponyera nkhungu ya chipolopolo, kuponyera koipa, kuponyera nkhungu ya ceramic, ndi zina zotero) ndi chitsulo ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira makina opangira apadera (monga kuponyera nkhungu yachitsulo, kuponyera kopanikizika, kuponyera kosalekeza, kuponyera kotsika, kuponyera kwa centrifugal, ndi zina zotero).
6, njira yoponyera nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo: (kuponya (zotengera) kumapanga chitsulo chamadzimadzi choponyera cholimba, kuponyera malinga ndi zipangizo kungagawidwe m'magulu a mchenga, chitsulo, ceramic, matope, graphite, ndi zina zotero, kungagawidwe pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wotayidwa, theka lokhazikika ndi lokhazikika, khalidwe la kukonzekera nkhungu ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la kuponyera; Kusungunuka ndi kutsanulira kwa chitsulo choponyera, kuponyera chitsulo (kuponyera alloy) kumaphatikizapo chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo choponyedwa ndi alloy yosakhala yachitsulo; (3) chithandizo ndi kuyang'anira kuponyera, chithandizo cha kuponyera, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa pakati ndi pamwamba pa matupi akunja, kuchotsa riser, fosholo grinding burr ndi zina zotuluka, chithandizo cha kutentha, mawonekedwe, chithandizo cha dzimbiri ndi makina ovuta. Valavu ya pampu yolowera
Kupangira kwachiwiri
1, kupangira: ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira pa kupanikizika kwa billet yachitsulo, kusintha kwa pulasitiki kuti mupeze mawonekedwe enaake amakina, mawonekedwe enaake ndi kukula kwa njira yopangira ma forging.
2, chimodzi mwa zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za forging. Kupyolera mu forging kumatha kuchotsa zitsulo monga mabowo otayidwa, owotcherera, mphamvu za makina a forging nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kuposa zoponyera zomwezo. Pazigawo zofunika zomwe zimakhala ndi katundu wambiri komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito m'makina, forgings nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa mbale, mbiri kapena zigawo zowotcherera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta omwe amatha kukulungidwa.
3, kupanga motsatira njira yopangira kungagawidwe m'magulu awa: 0 kutsegula (kupangira kwaulere). Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kukakamiza kupanga chitsulo pakati pa kupotoza kwapamwamba ndi pansi kwa zinthu ziwiri zotsutsana ndi chitsulo (anvil block) kuti mupeze ma forging ofunikira, makamaka kupanga ndi manja ndi kupanga makina. 2 Kutseka mode kupanga. Chitsulo chopanda kanthu chimasokonekera pansi pa kukakamizidwa mu chipinda cha forging die cha mawonekedwe enaake, ndipo kupanga kungagawidwe m'ma die forging, cold forging, rotary forging, extrusion ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kupanga kungagawidwe m'ma hot forging (kutentha kwa processing ndi kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kwa recrystallization kwa chitsulo chopanda kanthu), kutentha kwa kutentha (kotsika kuposa kutentha kwa recrystallization) ndi kuzizira (kutentha kwabwinobwino).
4, zinthu zopangira zitsulo makamaka zimakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chosakanikirana, kutsatiridwa ndi aluminiyamu, magnesium, titaniyamu, mkuwa ndi aloyi ake. Mkhalidwe woyambirira wa zinthuzo umaphatikizapo ndodo, unyolo woponyera, ufa wachitsulo ndi zitsulo zamadzimadzi. Chiŵerengero cha dera lopingasa la chitsulo chisanasinthe kupita ku dera lopingasa pambuyo pa kusintha chimatchedwa chiŵerengero cha kupanga. Kusankha kolondola kwa kupanga zitsulo kuposa kukonza khalidwe la mankhwala, kuchepetsa mtengo kuli ndi ubale wabwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-01-2021