Kodi valavu ya mpira ndi chiyani?
Kuwonekera kwa valavu ya mpira kunali pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Ngakhale kuti kupangidwa kwa valavu ya mpira kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, patent iyi ya kapangidwe kake sinathe kumaliza njira zake zogulitsira chifukwa cha zofooka mumakampani opanga zinthu ndi makampani opanga makina. DuPont ku United States idapanga pulasitiki ya polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yopangidwa ndi polymer mpaka 1943. Mtundu uwu wa zinthu uli ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zomangirira ndi kupondereza, elastoplasticity inayake, mphamvu zabwino zodzipaka mafuta komanso kukana dzimbiri bwino, komwe ndikoyenera kwambiri ngati chinthu chomangirira ndipo kumakhala ndi mphamvu yodalirika yomangira. Kuphatikiza apo, mpira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso mawonekedwe abwino pamwamba ungapangidwe ngati gawo lotseka la valavu ya mpira chifukwa cha kupanga makina opukutira mpira. Mtundu watsopano wa valavu yokhala ndi bore yonse ndi kuyenda kozungulira kwa 90° walowa pamsika wa valavu, zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri. Zinthu zachikhalidwe za ma valavu monga ma valavu oimitsa, ma valavu a chipata, ma valavu olumikizira ndi ma valavu a gulugufe zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ma valavu a mpira, ndipo ma valavu a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuyambira mainchesi ang'onoang'ono mpaka mainchesi akuluakulu, kupanikizika kochepa mpaka kupsinjika kwakukulu, kutentha kwabwinobwino mpaka kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwakukulu mpaka kutentha kochepa. Pakadali pano, mainchesi apamwamba a valavu ya mpira wafika mainchesi 60, ndipo kutentha kotsika kwambiri kumatha kufika kutentha kwa haidrojeni yamadzimadzi -254℃. Kutentha kwakukulu kumatha kufika kuyambira 850 mpaka 900℃. Zonsezi zimapangitsa ma valavu a mpira kukhala oyenera mitundu yonse ya zolumikizira, zomwe zimakhala mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa valavu.
Ma valve a mpira amatha kugawidwa m'ma valve a mpira oyandama ndi ma valve a mpira wa trunnion kutengera kapangidwe kake.
Ma valve a mpira amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma valve olowera pamwamba ndi ma valve olowera mbali. Ma valve olowera mbali amathanso kugawidwa m'ma valve a mpira amodzi, ma valve awiri ndi ma valve atatu malinga ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la valve. Ma valve a ma valve a mpira umodzi ndi ofunikira; ma valve awiri amakhala ndi matupi akuluakulu a valve ndi matupi othandizira a valve ndipo ma valve atatu amapangidwa ndi thupi lalikulu la valve ndi matupi awiri othandizira a valve.
Ma valve a mpira amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a ma valve otsekera ofewa ndi ma valve olimba otsekera malinga ndi zinthu zotsekera ma valve. Zipangizo zotsekera ma valve ofewa otsekera ndi zinthu zambiri za polima monga polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene yolimbikitsidwa ndi nayiloni komanso rabala. Zipangizo zotsekera ma valve olimba ndi zitsulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-18-2021